32

p ^^1^^ See: P. V. Kopnin. Diulcktika, logika, nauka (The Dialectics of Logic and Science), Moscow, 1973, pp. 189-204; Certain epistemological and logical aspects of the problem of meaning arc examined in the works of L. A. Abramyan, B. V. Biryukov, G. A. Brutian. D. P. Gorsky, M. S. Kozlova. V. A. Lektorsky, V. V. Petrov, M. V. Popovich, V. A. Stoff, and other Soviet philosophers.

p ^^2^^ These matters have been analysed in the works of the following Soviet philosophers and logicians listed in the bibliography: V. N. Brodsky, A. A. Ivin, V. N. Kostyuk, S. B. Krymsky, E. E. Lednikov, Yu. A. Petrov. M. V. Popovich, V. N. Sadovsky, O. F. Sercbryannikov, V. S. Shvyrev, Ya. A. Slinin, V. A. Smirnov, E. D. Smirnova, A. L. Subbotin, P. V. Tavants, V. V. Tselishchev and E. K. Voishvillo.

p ^^3^^ Certain linguistic, in particular formal linguistic, aspects of the semantic language problematic have been considered in studies by N. D. Arutyunova. E. V. Paducheva and V. A. Xvegintsev, listed in the bibliography.

p ^^4^^ John G. Kerneny. Semantics in Logic. Encyclopaedia Kntan- nica (1965), Vol. 20, p. 313D.

p ^^5^^ Alfred N. Whitchcad and Bertrand Russel. Principia Mathern- atica, Vol. 1.

p ^^6^^ Ludwig Wittgenstein. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, p. 77.

p ^^7^^ Ibid., p. 63.

p ^^8^^ Ibid., pp. 188-189.

p ^^9^^ Ibid., p. 189.

p ^^10^^ Ibid., p. 63.

p ^^11^^ Ibid., p. 149.

p ^^12^^ The philosophical aspect of Wittgenstein’s doctrine is not specially examined in this book.

p ^^13^^ See: Rudolf Carnap. The Logical Syntax of Language.

p ^^14^^ Rudolf Carnap. Introduction to Semantics.

p ^^15^^ Rudolf Carnap. On Belief Sentences. In: Margaret McDonald (Ed.). Philosophy and Analysis, pp. 128-141.

p ^^16^^ See: Ludwig Wittgenstein. Philosophical Investigations. 7/it Blue and Brown Books.

p ^^17^^ As a contemporary spokesman of linguistic philosophy. Michael Dumment puts it: ‘In using words of a language, a speaker is responsible to the way that language is used now, to the pres- 33 ently agreed practices of the community’. (Postscript. Syntheses, 1974, 27; 3/4; 533). Knowledge of the meaning of an utterance, according to him, is knowledge of its correct use, although the rules themselves are not usually formulated verbally but are only manifested in activity in accordance with the rules.

p ^^18^^ Noam Chomsky. Syntactic Structures, p. 15.

p ^^19^^ Paul Ziff. About Ungrammaticalness. Mind, 1964, (73, 4: 204214).

p ^^20^^ Huskell B. Curry. Some Logical Aspects of Grammatical Structure. In: R. Jakobson (Ed.) On the Structure of Language and its Mathematical Aspects (Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Applied Mathematics), pp. 56-68.

p ^^21^^ Hilary Putnam, Some Issues in the Theory of Grammar. In: R. Jakobson (Ed.). Op. cit., pp. 25-42.

p ^^22^^ Willard O. V. Quine. Word and Object.

p ^^23^^ Noam Chomsky. Syntactic Structures.

p ^^24^^ Noam Chomsky. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax.

p ^^25^^ Jerrold J. Katz. Semantic Theory.

p ^^26^^ Noam Chomsky. Deep Structure, Surface Structure, and Semantic Interpretation. In: Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jakobovits (Editors). Semantics. An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, Linguistics, and Psychology, pp. 183-216.

p ^^27^^ Noam Chomsky. Reflections on Language; Essays on Form and Interpretation; Language and Responsibility; Rules and Representations.

p ^^28^^ A. J. Greimas. Semantique structurale. Recherche de methode; Du sens; Semiotique et sciences sociales.

^^29^^ W. Quine. Word and Object, p. 30.