Time of Capital Circulation, period of time during which industrial capital is in the sphere of circulation when capital is converted from its money form into the component parts of productive capital ( labour power and the means of production), and from its commodity form into its money form. Material benefits, value and surplus value are not created during this time, there is only a conversion of the form of value. Even so the time of circulation is a necessary aspect of the circuit of capital. It is needed to buy labour power and the means of production, without these it is impossible to create surplus value, and to realise the 372 commodities and the unpaid labour of wage workers they contain, which is appropriated by the capitalists without any compensation. If circulation time is reduced it becomes possible to return capital to the sphere of production sooner and, because of the acceleration of the turnover of capital, to expand the use of wage labour and thus increase the annual rate of profit. To do this, capitalists try to use more up-to-date technical means of transport and communications, and new, more effective forms of trade. However, the anarchy and spontaneity of the development of the capitalist economy as a whole, as well as the exacerbated competitive struggle and the declining position of the working people present an obstacle to the reduction of the time of capital circulation. During regular crises of overproduction the time of commodity circulation markedly increases because of greater difficulties in the realisation of commodities and the growing mass of those unsold, which is evidence of the antagonistic contradictions inherent in capitalist reproduction.