Scientific and Technological Potential, the aggregate of labour and material resources, scientific and technological knowledge and production experience a country possesses for developing and applying the achievements of the scientific and technological revolution. It makes the productive forces function effectively, being an important element of reproduction in the context of the scientific and technological revolution. The nature and character of the scientific and technological potential are determined by the form of ownership and the system of relations of production. The scientific and technological potential consists, mainly, of research, engineering and production personnel. It is they who provide knowledge and accumulate production experience, draw past knowledge and experience ( scientific publications, patents, know-how, etc.) into material production, apply the achievements of the scientific and technological revolution, embodying them in means of production and consumer goods. In the future, the scientific and technological potential’s role in the economic development of all countries will steadily increase.