Scientific Organisation of Labour under Socialism, a complex of organisational, technical, economic, sanitary, and psychophysiological measures based on the achievements of science and advanced technology and ensuring the most effective use of material and labour resources and a steady growth of labour productivity, provided the health of the working people is protected. Among the main trends in the scientific organisation of labour are: improvement of labour division and cooperation; better organisation and servicing of work places; introduction of progressive work methods; improvement of labour rating; use of every worker in accordance with his abilities, training, education and with due account for the requirements of production; improvement of the workers’ cultural-technical level; all-out improvement of working conditions; improvement of the forms and methods of material and moral incentives. The scientific organisation of labour is an important condition for making rational use of production resources and for boosting labour productivity and the efficiency of social production. The planning of measures for improving the methods of the scientific organisation of labour, raising the level of labour organisation and improving working conditions are components of national economic planning and management. The scientific and technological revolution, bringing radical changes in technological processes, a higher concentration of production and an increasingly active role of the subjective factor in socialist production, accounts for the constant improvement of the scientific organisation of labour in all sectors of the national economy, making production and social working conditions better. The supreme goal of socialist production is to ensure the most favourable conditions for creative, highly productive work, this being the most important factor in the all-round harmonious development of the individual.