Non-economic Coercion, the form of coercion to work based on the working people’s personal dependence on the exploiters, which is typical primarily of the slave-owning and the feudal mode of production. In pre-capitalist societies land-tilling prevails in production, with the landowner as the exploiter. As Marx wrote, "The appropriation of ... surplus labour is here not mediated by exchange ... but its basis is the forcible domination of one section of society over the other. (There is, accordingly, direct slavery, serfdom or political dependence.)" (Karl Marx, Theories of Surplus-Value, Part III, p. 400.) Slavery as a form of non-economic coercion is characterised by the direct use of violence to force one to labour; the slaves have no material interest in work. Unlike the slave, the serf owns means of production (agricultural implements, cattle, farm buildings, etc.). Coercion to work can no longer be solely forcible. Feudal production, however, cannot exist without non-economic coercion. If the landowner had no direct power over a peasant, he could not make the man who owns a plot of land and ekes out his own living work for him. Capitalism as a system of wage slavery relies on the economic dependence of workers on the bourgeoisie, who have monopolised the means of production. However, this does not mean that in capitalist society forcible coercion to labour is not extensively used. At the stage of so-called primitive accumulation of capital, violence to make people work was widely used to exploit the people of the colonies (plantation slavery and slavetraffic were legal in the colonies up to the latter half of the 19th century). The entire system of the capitalist countries’ relations with the less developed dependent states relies on various forms of economic enslavement combined with exploitation based on direct coercion.