Nationalisation, Capitalist, the transition of enterprises and production branches from being the private property of individual capitalists or associations of them to being the property of the capitalist state, acting as an aggregate capitalist. Very often it serves as a method of shifting the burden of financing capital- intensive branches and low-efficiency production on to the working people. In developed capitalist countries, nationalisation is a manifestation of state-monopoly capitalism. Capitalist nationalisation increases the interference by the capitalist state in reproduction in the interests of monopoly capital. The war industry branches, and also transport, communications and other branches of the infrastructure are the first to be nationalised. Former owners usually receive considerable compensation, at times exceeding the cost of the nationalised property. The nationalisation of private enterprises in the 1930s in Britain, France and certain other capitalist countries, and the nationalisation of a number of industries in Britain from 1945 to 1951 are 241 pertinent examples. Nationalisation in capitalist countries is also caused by political, military-strategic and fiscal factors. Nationalised enterprises are, as a rule, managed by their former owners, who receive big salaries. After enterprises have been retooled and their profitability raised, the state often hands them back to individual capitalists and monopolies, in other words, denationalises (reprivatises) them. Capitalist nationalisation, under certain conditions (for instance, when trade unions obtain access to the management boards of nationalised enterprises), may be progressive in character, restricting the power of the monopolies and creating the requisites for a certain improvement in the condition of the working people and for their closer cohesion. This is why the programmes of the communist parties in a number of capitalist countries envisage a struggle for nationalisation, which would allow them to organise the management of nationalised enterprises on bourgeois- democratic principles. Bourgeois nationalisation as a form of the socialisation of production facilitates the creation of the requisites for socialism. In the developing countries, nationalisation is usually directed against foreign monopoliesiand the policy of neo- colonialism. It is a means of anti-imperialist struggle for ensuring the economic independence of the young states, since a state sector is created as a result of the nationalisation of industrial enterprises, transport and banks (see State Sector of the Economy of the Developing Countries).