Law of Population under Capitalism, an economic law expressing the relationship between the accumulation of capital and the growth of its organic structure, on the one hand, and the appearance of relatively surplus population compared with the requirements of functioning capital (see Relative Surplus Population), and the formation of an industrial reserve army of labour, on the other. "The labouring population therefore produces, along with the accumulation of capital produced by it, the means by which it itself is made relatively superfluous, is turned into a relative surpluspopulation; and it does this to an always increasing extent. This is a law of population peculiar to the capitalist mode of production" (Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. I, pp. 591-92). Surplus population and, as a consequence, unemployment are produced by capitalist relations of production. Under capitalism, unemployment is an inevitable and indispensable condition for its development. Bourgeois ideologists and reformists assert that the existence of surplus population is a law of nature and suggest that this “surplus” population should be “eliminated” in various ways to avoid poverty (see Malthusianism). In reality, only elimination of capitalism can put an end to unemployment and poverty.