Labour Turnover under Socialism, the non-organised movement of workers from some enterprises to others. The forms of labour turnover include: release of workers changing their jobs on their own wishes, and dismissal for absence from work and for other violations of labour discipline. Labour turnover is often due to shortcomings in production and management organisation. In Soviet statistics, the ratio of the number of workers who have left for various reasons to the average number of those on the payroll is the index of labour 190 turnover. This number does not include workers who have left enterprises in a planned way, in order to enter educational establishments, join the Soviet Army as conscripts, retire or are sacked for some reason. Labour turnover causes difficulties in fulfilling the plan, breaks the rhythm of the production process, reduces the quality of output, and increases expenditures on the professional training of new workers. To reduce labour turnover in enterprises measures are elaborated and included into socio-economic development plans for improving the work and living conditions of the workers, raising their general educational and cultural levels, granting them opportunities for combining studies with work, and so on. To use the workforce more effectively and to form stable work collectives, it is planned to grant workers, among other economic incentives, additional leave and pension bonuses for a long, uninterrupted work record.