Economic Evaluation of Land under Socialism, evaluation of the useful effect obtained in the process of using land as the principal means of production in agriculture. Economic evaluation is needed not only for improving management in agriculture but also for substantiating the solution of problems in other sectors of the economy. For example, the effectiveness of building electric power stations cannot be fully determined if the extent of the damage caused by flooding huge areas of arable land is not evaluated. The inclusion of the economic evaluation of the flooded lands in the construction outlays helps compare the effectiveness of the given hydroproject against alternative variants, or against a thermopower project. The economic evaluation of land allotted for industrial and civil construction encourages the use of worse plots of land and the development of less expensive projects. It is important for improving the economic mechanism in the agrarian sector of the economy and, above all, for a correct evaluation of the economic efficiency of agricultural production and for comparing the level of economic management in different regions and sectors. Comparing the result obtained with labour expenditures and material and technical facilities and resources used, without duly evaluating the land, does not yield an objective picture of the efficiency of social production. Land is evaluated for substantiating the assignment of the plan of purchases to various districts and sectors, fixing zonal purchasing prices, and regulating other channels of distribution of the surplus product and rent profits. It makes it possible to reveal the objective and subjective factors of the growth of production, determine to what extent the results depend on the quality of farm land and the level of economic management. This makes it possible to introduce moral and material incentives. The economic evaluation of land cannot be identified with the price of land, which reflects the relations that have evolved in purchasing and selling it. In several Soviet republics and regions, land has been evaluated on a regional scale, which is now employed in dealing with a number of economic questions. But since this evaluation is generally based on different principles, regional indicators cannot be compared. Further elaboration of this problem will help develop a single method of making the economic evaluation of land.