84

p 1. In the United Slates, AIDS = 28 old illnesses and one non-illness:

p 1983 original AIDS definition 1.12 illnesses): Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, Kaposi’s sarcoma, toxoplasmosis. strongyloidosis. aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, candidiasis, cryptosporidiosis, cytomegalovirus. herpes simplex, progressive muliifocal leukoencephalopathy. lymphoma of the brain

p 1985 revised definition (seven more old illnesses added). Mycobacterium avium complex, histoplasmosis, isosporiasis, Burkitt’s lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, candidiasis of the bronchi, trachea and lungs, and a positive HIV antibody test.

p 1987 revised definition (.six additional illnesses): Encephalopathy, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, wasting syndrome, cocci dioidomycosis, cytomegalovirus retimtis, Salmonella sepucemia. HIV antibody test no longer required.

p 1993 revised definition (three more illnesses plus one surrogate markerV Recurrent bacterial pneumonia, invasive cervical cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, T Cell count of <200 or <14% of total lymphocytes (non-illnessV

p Source: Duesberg P, YiamouyannisJ. 1995 AIDS: The Good News Is HIV Doesn’t Cause It Health Action Press

p 2. US Centers for Disease Control 1994 HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report Year-end edition 1993

p 3. Navarro M AIDS Definition Widened to Include Blood Cdl Count August 8 1993 New York Times; Altman L AIDS Cases Increase Among Heterosexuals March 11

p 1994 New York Times

p 4. US Centers for Disease Control HIV I AIDS Surveillance Report Year-end editions 1998, 1997. 1996, 1995, 1994,1993

p 5 US Centers for Disease Control 1998 HIV I AIDS Surveillance Report Year-end edition 1997 Table 11 p!7

p 6. US Centers for Disease Control 1999 HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report Year-end edition 1998 p43

p 7. Duesberg P 1993 The HIV Cap in National Statistics Bio/Technology 11:955-6

p 8. Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Health Canada, 1998 HIV and AIDS in Canada: Surveillance Report to December 31. 1997; US Centers for Disease Control 1999 HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report Year-end 1998

p 9. US Centers for Disease Control 1998 HIWA/D5 Surveillance Report Year-end edition 1997 Figure 6 p25; US Centers for Disease Control 1999 HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report Year-end edition 1998

p 10. World Health Organization 1985 Bangui definition for AIDS in Africa (current use confirmed by WHO April 1999); WHO case definitions for AIDS surveillance in adults and adolescents, Weekly Epidemiological Record September 1994; 69:273-80 (current use confirmed by WHO April 1999)

p 11. Duesberg P 1996 Inventing the AIDS Virus Regnery Press, Washington DC p!41-145

p 12. Duesberg P 1996 Inventing the AIDS Virus Regnery Press. Washington DC p54-58

p 13. Canns J 1978 Canter. Science and Society WH Freeman and Company, San Francisco

p 14. Duesberg P. Rasmck D 1998 The AIDS Dilemma: Drug Diseases Blamed on a Passenger Virus Genetica 104:85-132; Mulhs K 1998 Dancing Naked in the Mindfield Pantheon Books, New York p!71-190; Shenton J 1998 Positively False St Martin’s Press, New York p6-17

p 15. Mullis K 1988 Dancing Naked in the Mind/ield Pantheon Books, New York p 178; Duesberg P 1996 Inventing the AIDS Virus Regnery Press, Washington DC p 89-96

p 16. Altman L New York Times, April 23 1984

p 17. Altman L Researchers Believe AIDS Virus is Found NewYork Times, Apnl 24 1984 (Dr. James Curran, head of the CDC’s AIDS investigating team, calls discover)’ “the virus that causes AIDS”)

p 18. Gallo found HIV in only 26 of 63 AIDS patients (41%) Source: Gallo R May 4 1984 Science Volume 224 p502

p 19. In 1983, Montagniersent Gallo “retrovirus particles" (LAV) taken from the lymph node of a male homosexual without AIDS. Source: Science May 20 1983, Vol 220; the virus Gallo claimed to have discovered in 1984 was found to actually be Montagnters LAV Source; New Scientist, February 12 1987

p 20. DingellJ Misconduct in Medical Research, New England Journal of Medicine 1993 328:1610-1615; CoDiscoverer of HIV Loses Bid to Regain Job AIDS Policy and Law May 14 1999 Vol 14 No 9; Crewdson J In Gallo Case, Truth Termed a Casualty. Science Subverted in AIDS Research Chicago Tribune, January 1 1995

p 21. Baffour A Are 26 Million Africans Dying of AIDS? December 1998 New African Magazine p34-42

p 22. Duesberg P Inventing (he AIDS Virus Regnery Press, Washington DC, Root-Bernstein R 1993 Rethinking AIDS The Free Press, New York

p 23. Cordes R, et al 1995 Pit/alls in HIV Testing Postgraduate Medicine 98:177; Langedijk J, et al 1992 Identification of Cross-reaction Epitopes Recognized by HIV-1 False-positive Sera AIDS 6:1547-1548; Strandstrom H, et al 1990 Studies with Canine Sera (hat Conlain Antibodies which Recognise HIV Structural Proteins Cancer Research, September 1:50(17 Suppl):56285-56305;GermansonT 1989 Screening for HIV: Can We Afford the Confusion of the False Positive Ra(e? Journal ofClinical Epidemiology 42:1235; Weiss R, et al 1988 HIV Tesfing is (he Answer-What’s the Question? New England Journal of Medicine 319:1010-1012; Burke, et al 1988 Measurement of the False Posilive Rale in a Screening Program for HIV Infections New England Journal of Medicine 319(15):961-964; US News and World Report, November 23 1987 p22c; Jackson G, et al 1988 Passive Immunoneutralisation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Patients with Advanced AIDS Lancet, September 17:647

p 24. Papadopulos-Eleopuios E, et al 1993 Is a Positive Western Blot Proof of HIV Infection? Bio/Technology Journal Vol 11 p696-707

p 25. Papadopulos-Eleopulos E, et al 1993 Has Gallo Proven the Role of HIV in AIDS? Emergency Medicine 5:113- 123

p 26. Papadopulos-Eleopulous E, el al 1993 Is a Positive Western Blot Proof of HIV Infection? Bio/Technology Vol. 11

p 27. Strandstrom H, et al 1990 Sludies with Canine Sera which Recognise HIV Structural Proteins, Cancer Research 50:5628s-5630s. Source: Testing, Testing, 1.2,3... Turner V 1996 Contiuum Vol 3:5 p8-ll

p 28. Papadopolus-Eleopulos E, et al 1993 Is a Positive Western Blot Proof of HIV Infection? Bio/Technology Journal Vol 11 p696-701, Quantum Clinical 85 Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA: HIV antibody test results for Christine Maggiore April 9 1992 HIV reactive, WB positive positive; March 27 1993 HIV reactive, WB indeterminate, September 1 1993 H!V non-reactive

p 29. Abbott Laboratory’s EL1SA HIV antibody test kit pamphlet

p 30. Continuum Vol 3:4 with thanks to Val Turner, Royal Penh Hospital Australia’ Bio/Technology June 1993 11:696-707

p 31. Roche Amplicor PCR Diagnostics HIV-1 Monitor test kit pamphlet

p 32. Johnson C 1997 Factors Known to Cause False-Positive HIV Antibody Test Results Continuum Vol 4:3 p5

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p Sayrc K. Dodd R, et al 1996 False-Positive Hiomm Immunodt‘/iiit’mT Virus Tvpf 1 Western Blot Tests in \on-/n/_t-itL-d Blood Donors Transfusion ^6 45

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p Smith D. Dewhurst S, et al 1987 Fa\$e-Positt\e Enz&macute;e-Linked Immunosorbent Assa\ Reactions for Anjifrodv to Human /mmunodf/icu’iu v Virus in ti Population of \lid\\estern Patients with Congenital Bleeding Dividers Transfusion 127:112

p Snyder H, Fit-issuer E 1980 Specific irv of Human Antibodies to Onan-irus GKcoproti’ins Proc Natl Acad So 77:1622-1626

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p 36 US Centers for Disease Control 1999 HIV/AIDS 5ui valluna- Reporl Year-end edition 1998 (Deaths in persons with AIDS, cumulative totals through December 1998) Table 21, p30

p 37 US Centers lor Disease Control 1998 HfV’/AIDS Surveillance Report Year-end edition 1997 (US HIV and AIDS eases reported through December 1997) Table 13 states “Reported deaths are not necessarily caused by HIY-relaied disease”

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p 99. Clears-, et al 1987 Journal of the American Medical Association 258(131:1757-62

p 100, US Centers for Disease Control Recommendations o| the L’S Public Heath Service Task Force on the L’se of Zidovudme /AZT| to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of HIV Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Vol 43 NoRR-11 August 5 1994

p 101 Rcgush N ,íi AZT For Mv Babv. Please ABCNews com September 16 1999

p 102 Gwarteny D Babv’s Risk fen HIV Spurts Fight The Oregonian January 31 1999; Wright J Court Grants Delay in Babv HA’ Case The Register-Guard February 5 1999

p 103 Good Morning America September 9 1998

p 104. Phllpolt P Maine Mother- Wins Court Fight Against HIV Doctors Reappraising AIDS Vol 6 October 10 1998

p 105 Mother Wins Right to Stop HIV Drugs New York Times April 20 1999; Dateline NBC January 25, 1999; A Mothers Instinct People Magazine October 5 1998 p!57-158

p 106 News Broadcast. CJOB 68 August 18 1999; Pentz 1 Mother- Fights to Block Sons HA’ Drug Therapy The Globe and Mail (Canada) August 18 1999

p 107 McKitlrick A Fthicti! Drug Pricing: An Oxymoron? Provincelown Positive Spring 1999 p37-39

p 108 Duesberg P 1996 Inventing the AIDS Virus Regnery Press. Washington DC p 309-359

p 109. Physicians Desh Reference 1994 p32

p 110 Duesberg P 1996 Inventing the AIDS Virus Regnery Press, Washington DC p 309-359

p 111 Lauruscn J 1993 The AIDS War Askelpios, NewYork, FDA Documents Show Fraud in AZT Trials p381-397

p 112 Lancet 1993 343:871, Concorde Coordinating Committee; Journal of the American Medical Association 1988 203:3009, New England Journal of Medicine 1992 326:437. Source: Hand T Whv Amivira! Drags Cannot Resolve AIDS Reappraising AIDS Vol 4:9 September 1996

p 113. Source: Interview with Dr. Charles Thomas in video HIV=AIDS: Fact or Fraud? Stan-ision Productions (Stephen Allen, prod 1 Denver CO; Duesberg P 1996 Inventing the AIDS Virus Regnery Press, Washington DC p 309-359

p 114. British Medical Journal July 15 1995 p!56-158 l49%): Science Magazine February 24 1995 plOSO (34%); JAMA 260’3009 1988; New England Journal of Medicine 1992, 326:437 Source Hand T Why Antiviral Drugs Cannot Resolve AIDS Reappraising AIDS Vol 4:9 September 1996

p 115. Merck Manual 1992 16^th edition p55. Merck Research Laboratories: Glaxo-Wellcome information sheet accompanying Zidovudine

p 116. Hammer S, et al 1997 A Controlled Trial of Tivo N-ucleoside Analogues Indmaur in Persons uith HA’ New- England Journal of Medicine 337:725-733

p 1 17 Merck ad for Crixivan A&U magazine July 1999 99-4084 910 (5081 CRX

118 Anderson M The Big Tease Valley Advocate February

201997 

p 119 Interview with Christine Maggiore September 1997

p 120 AIDS expert Dr Bruce Walker on ABC News Nightlme May 19 1999 11 35 PM EST

p 122 POZ magazine July 1999: Glaxo-Wellcome Ad for Ziagen (abacavir sulfate), December 1998 MG-001; Merck Ad for Crixivan (indinavrr) Merck and Co, Inc. 1998 99-4084; Roxanne Ad for Viramune (nevirapine) July 1999, RX-2140 (4/981; GlaxoWellcome Ad for Combivir (lamivudine/zidovudinel March 1999

p 123 Journal of the American Medical Association July 10 1996

p 124 Johnson H Rolling Stone Magazine Special Report: Dr David Ho and the Laratlts Equation March 6 1997

p 125 LevyJ 1996 AIDS Surrogate Markers: Is There Truth in ,Vumbers?JAMA Vol 276 p!61-162

p 126 Merck ad for Crixivan A&U magazine July 1999 99-4084 910 (5081 CRX

p 127. Altman L New York Times February 2 1996;Garrett L New-sday March 5 1996; The Boston Globe February l’l999

p 128 Dr Raymond Schinazi of Emory University. Atlanta, Georgia. Source: Garrett LNewsday March 31 1995

p 129 Lancet June 1 1997 Vol 349 p!745; Associated Press Report. Philadelphia Inquirer June 13 1997; Anderson M The Big Tease The Valley Advocate February 20 1997; Green F Cocktail Hangover Cleveland Free Times May 5 1999 Vol 7 Issue 33; Signorile M 641,086 and Counting Out magazine September 1998

p 130. The Morning After POZ magazine February 1997

p 131 US Centers for Disease Control 1999 HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report Year-end 1998; 9(2) Calculations: David Crowe, Alberta Reappraising AIDS Society; US Centers for Disease Control 1998 HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report Year-end 1997 p25 Figure 6

p 132 US Centers for Disease Control HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report Year-end editions 1997. 1996. 1995, 1994, 1993 (AIDS indicator conditions reported by age group, US)

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p 133. Interview with Christine Maggiore September 1997

p 134 Janeway C, Travers P, et al 1999 Immunobiology The Immune System in Health and Disease, 4”’ edition, Elsevier Science Ltd/Garland Publishing, New York: Pizzo PA 1999 Fever in Immune/compromised Patients, New England Journal of Medicine 16:341:893-900: Sussman E September 1999 Fat Disorders: A Growing Threat, Health Risks Include Heart Disease. HIVPlus. No 5. http://w\vwaegis com/pubs/hivplus/1999/sep/ fat html; Peto T, May 1996, Surrogate Markers in Hl\’ Disease, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 37(B):161-170

p 135. Gallo R 1984 Science 224; Piatak M 1993 Science 259; Ho D 1991 New England Journal of Medicine 324:961; Shaw G 1991 New England Journal of Medicine 324:954; Cooper 1992 Lancet 341:1099

p 136. Duesberg P 1996 Inventing the AIDS Virus Regnery Press, Washington DC p!74-180

p 137. Bialy H, Duesberg P March 1995 Letter to Nature Source: AIDS: Virus or Drug Induced? Duesberg P (editor! 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Netherlands

p 153 154

p Philpott P 1997 The Isolation Question Reappraising AIDS Vol 5:6 June/July/August Gallo R 1984 Science 224:497-508; Piaiak M 1993 Science 259:1749-1754; Piatak M 1993 Lancet 341 : 1099; Daar, el al 1991 New England Journal of Medicine 324[14] 961-964, Clark. elal 1991 New England Journal of Medicine 324:954-960; Cooper, et al 1992 Lancet 340:1257-1258

p Namre Magazine May 26 1994 Morning Report Los Angeles Tunes May 16 1996 F-2 Projecl Inform lener lo Dr Bruce Alberls, President of the National Academy of Sciences, July 31 1997: Endorsements are for signers as of Augusl 20 1997

p Letter to Christine Maggiore from Ric Parish. PLUS Programs Manager. May 30 1997

p Anderson MK 1997 Sick of It All The Valley Advocate January 15 1998

p Farber C 1995 AIDS Inc. Observations of an AIDS Dissident Provincctown Positive April/May Issue pl4-18

p Garrett L The Virus at the End of The Ubi Id Esquire magazine March 1999

p A&U Americas AIDS Magazine June 1999 Issue 56

p Duesberg P 1987 Retroviruses as Carcinogens and Pathogens: Expectations and Reality Cancer Research 47:1199-1220

p Interview with Christine Maggiore August 25 1999

p Eichenwald K, Kolata C, Drug Trials Hide Conflicts for Doctors New York Times May 16 1999

p Smith M, Sticking Point. AIDS Vaccine Designed In Don Francis in Final Testing San Francisco Weekly July 14 1999

p CNN Website Massive Trial of AIDS Vaccine to Begin in Thailand February 10 1999 8:27 pm EST

p Dissecting Room Lancel Vol 353 May 15 1999 pi 719

p McGmley L Price of Success. Powerful Treatments Create Growing Rift Among AIDS Groups Wall Slreel Journal December 20 1996

p Drug Moncv Counler Punch magazine July 1 1998

p Farber C 1995 AIDS Imv Observations o| an AIDS Dissident Provmcetown Positive April/May Issue pl4-18

p US Centers for Disease Control HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report Year-end editions through S998

p WHO website http.V/hivmsilc. ucsf.edu/socuil/un/ 2098 Jce6.html Ratios of estimated AIDS cases/ reported AIDS cases for African counlries wilh highesl esumaied AIDS cases: Angola 22/1; Congo 13/1: Ethiopia 55/1; Kenya 9/1; Madagascar 69/1: Mozambique 48/1; Nigeria 35/1; South Africa 33/1: Uganda 37/1; Zimbabwe 10/1 For all African countries (with available data) combined, the ralio of eslimaled AIDS cases to reported AIDS cases is 16/1

p CDC national AIDS advertising campaign, Oclober 1987: 38 TV commercials, 8 radio spols, 6 prim ads Bennett A, Sharpc A Health Hazard: AIDS Fight Shewed bv Federal Campaign Exaggerating Risks Wall Streel Journal May 1996 pi Philpoll P CDC Releases Data for 199.5: What HIV/ AIDS Epidemic? Reappraising AIDS Vol 4: 7 July 1996

p US Cenlers for Disease Control HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report Year-end edilions 1993 ihrough 1998 wilh one exception: AIDS in leenage boys rose from 238 in 1994 lo 245 in 1995

p Laboralory Cenlre for Disease Control, Health Canada, 1998 HIV and AIDS in Canada. Surveillance Report to December .31 1997 pi

p Until There’s a Cure advertisement ivwu^^1^^. until org Interview with Pally Dwyer from Unlil There’s A Cure September 3. 1999 (800) 888-UNTIL

p 155 1 56 157

158 1 59 160

p

162. 163.

p 139. KaryMullis at HEAL Los Angeles, October 25 1995

p 140 Philpolt P, Johnson C 1996 Viral Load of Crap Reappraising AIDS Vol 4:10 p2

p 141 Johnson C Viral Load and the PCR Continuum Vol 4-4 November/ December 1996

p 142. CDC faxback document #320320 sent in reply to an inquiry by Christine Johnson

p 143. Roche Amplicor PCR Diagnostics HIV-1 Monitor lest kit pamphlel

144 Defer C. et al 1992 Multtcrnler Quality Control o( PCR Detection of HIVD.YA AIDS 6:659^663: Bush, elal 1992,Journal of AIDS 5:872. Gerberdtngj 1994 Incidence and Prevalence oj HIV Hepatitis B, and CMV Among Health Care Personnel at Risk lor Blood Exposure Journal oi Infeclious Disease 170:1410- 1417; de Mendoza. el al 1998 False Positive for HIV L’smg Commercial Viral Load Quantisation Assays

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p 143 Schwartz D, el al 1997 Extensive Evaluation of a Seronegative Participant in an HIV-1 Vaccine Trial as a Result o/ False-Positive PCR, Lancel Vol 350 No 9073 p256

p 146 Rasnick D 1997 Kinetics Analysis of Consecutive HIV Proteoivtic Cleavages of the Gag-Pol Polvprotein Journal of Biological Chemislry March 7 p6348-6353

p 147 Piaiak M, el al 1993 Science 259 1 749-53

p 148. Roderer M 1998 Getting to the HAART of T Cell Dynamics Nalure Medicine Vol 4:2 p!45-146; Levy J 1996 AIDS Surrogate Markers: Is There Truth in Numbers? JAMA Vol 276 p!61-162

p 149 Levy J 1996 AIDS Surrogate Markers: Is There Truth in Numbers? JAMA Vol 276 p!61-162

p 150 Philpott P, Johnson C 1996 Viral Load of Crap Reappraising AIDS X’ol 4:10 p2

p 151 Papadopulos-Eleopulos E. el al 1988 Reappraisal of AIDS: Is the Oxidation Induced by the Risk Factors the Primary Cause? Medical Hypothesis 25:151-162

p 152. Papadopulos-Eleopulos E, el al 1993 Is A Positive Western Blot Proof o/HIV Infection? Bio/Technology 11:696-707; Papadopulos-Eleopulos E, et al 1996 The Isolation of HIV: Has it Really Been Achieved? Continuum Vol 4:3 Supplement pl-24; Turner V 1996 Do HIV Antibody Tests Prove HIV Infection? Continuum 1996 X’ol 3:5 p8-ll; PapadopulosEleopulos E. Stewarl G, el al 1997 HIV Antibodies: Further Questions and a Plea for Clarification Current Medical Research and Opinion 13:627-634

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p 182. China Savs HIV Cases Estimated at 400,000 April 1 1999 4:25 am EST Reuters, Bejing

p 183. Merck Manual 1899 first edition

p 184. Mendelsohn R 1984 How To Raise a Healthy Child In Spite of Your Doctor Ballentine Books, New York p13-15

p 185. The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine Random House, New York p359; Mendelsohn R 1979 Confessions of a Medical Heretic Contemporary Publishing Company, Chicago p28-29

p 186. The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine 1989 Random House, New York p 977

p 187. Kono R 1975 The SMON Virus Theory Lancet n:370- 371; Shigematsu H, et al 1975 Epidemiological Approach to SMON Japanese Journal of Medicine, Science and Biology, 28 Supplement 23-33; Soda T 1980 Drug Induced Sufferings. Medical, Phaimaccutical and Legal Aspects Excerpta Medica: Amcrsterdam

p 188. Marshall B Why Doctors Aren’t Curing L’lcers Fortune Magazine June 9 1997

p 189. Haney D Doctors Slow to Attack Bug Behind L’lcers Los Angeles Times (API”) February 11 1996

p 190 Marshall B XVhy Doctors Aren’t Curing L’lcers Fortune Magazine June 9 1997

p 191 NIAID and N1H Report 1996 The Relationship Between HIV and AIDS p3

p 192. Giraldo R 1997 AIDS and Stressors Fundacion Ane y Cincia, Medellin, Root-Bemstein R 1993 Rethinking AIDS The Free Press, New York; Al Bayati A 1999 Get All the Facts. HIV Does Not Cause AIDS ToxiHealth. Dixon, CA

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p 194. Willner R 1994 Deadly Deception p30 Peltec Publishing; The Merck Manual 1992 Immunodeficiency Diseases p303 Table 19-1 Merck Research Laboratories. Rahway; Fauci A, et al 1998 Principles of Internal Medicine, Edition 14 McGraw Hill, New York

p 195. Chandra R 1983 Nutrition, Immunity and Infection Lancet i:688-69 Source: AIDS and Stressors; Merck Manual 1992 Immunodeficiency Diseases p317- 318, Immunodeficiency and Malnutrition Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway; Chandra R 1975 Fetal Malnutrition and Postnatal Immunocompetence American Journal of Dis Chil 125:450-455. Source: AIDS and Stressors

p 196. Merck Manual 1992 Immunodeficiency Diseases, p304 Table 19-2 Immunosuppressive Agents Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway; Heyer A 1983 Introduction to Nutrition Keats Publishing, New Canaan p2-12; Owen B 1995 You Don’t Have to Die Sick Adrenal Exhaustion p43-46 Health Hope Publishing House, Cannon Beach

p 197. The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine 1989 Random House, New York p258

p 198 Niwa Y, Yokoyama M 1981 Effect of Glucocorticosteroid Therapy on the Immune System of Patients with Nonimmunologicallv Mediated Dermatose J CHn Lab Immunol 6(2). 147-155; ParrilloJ, Fauci A 1978 Mechanisms of Corcicosteroid Action on Lymphocyte Subpopuiafions o/ Effector Cells Mediating Cellular ToxicKv in Man Chn Exp Immunol 31:116-125; Fauci A. Dale D, Balow J 1976 Glucocorticosteroid Therapy: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Considerations Annals of Internal Medicine 84:304- 15; LeungF, FamA, Osoba D 1981 Kaposi’s Sarcoma Complicating Corticosteroid Therapy for Temporal Arteritis The American Journal of Medicine 71(2):320-322

p 199. Merck Manual 1992 Anti-Infective Drugs: Sulfonamides p46—48 Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway; Drugs Facts and Comparisons 1999 Facts and Comparisons Publishing, St. Louis (800) 223-0554

p 200. Duesberg P 1996 Inventing The AIDS Virus Regnery Publishing, Washington DC p300

p 201. Merck Manual 1992 Anti-Infective Drugs: Sulfonamides p46-48 Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway; Drugs Facts and Comparisons 1999 Facts and Comparisons Publishing, Si. Louis (800) 223-0554

p 202. Bull Mem Soc Med Hopiiaux de Pans, 3^rd Ser 1909, 28:958-996; Pharmacology Ther 1992 55: 201-207

p 203. Immune System Toxins Rachel’s Environment and Health Weekly #536 March 6 1997; Statement on Immune Toxins #544 May 1 1997 Environmental Research Foundation, Annapolis

p 204. Hebert C, Brecher M, et al Fewer Blood Transfusions Save Lives New England Journal of Medicine February 1999; United Press International, February 10 1999; Ward, et al 1989 The Natural History of Trans/usion Associated Infection With HIV New England Journal of Medicine 321:947-952

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p 206. Guyton A, Hall J 1996 Textbook of Medical Physiology Sanders, New York p964-965

p 207. Cohan J Legally Speaking, Mason y Jacobs 4From Magazine April 30 1997

p 208. Cannon W 1957 Voodoo Death Psychosomatic Medicine 19:182-190 (reprinted from American Anthropologist 44:1942); Campinha-BacoteJ 1992 Voodoo Illness Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 28(11:11-17

p 209. The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine 1989 Random House, New York p798

p 210. Reuters News Service report, May 14 1998 on Canadian Amiodarone Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmia Trial (CAMIAT), University of Toronto, Canada

p 211. Giraldo R 1997 AIDS and Stressors Fundacion Arte y Cincia, Medellm; Root-Bemstein R 1993 Rethinking AIDS The Free Press, New York; Al Bayati A 1999 Get All the Facts: HIV Does Not Cause’AIDS ToxiHealth, Dixon, CA

p 212. Jagge, et al 1983 Annals of Internal Medicine 99:145-151

p 213. Osterloh J, et al 1984 Butyl Nitrite Trans/or mat ion Invitro Anal Toxicology 8:164-169; Haverkos H, et al 1985 Disease Manifestation Among Homosexual Men with AIDS Sexually Transmitted Diseases 12:203- 208; Root-Bernstein R 1990 Do We Know the Causefs) of AIDS? Pesp Biol Med 33:480-500

p 214. Krieger L Kaposi’s Sarcoma, AIDS Link Questioned, San Francisco Examiner June 5 1992 pA-l,A-17; US Centers for Disease Control HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report Year-end reports 1993-1998

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p 216. Yardley J, el al 1980 Immunologic Status in Patients with Giardiasis, Gastroenterology 78: 421-422; Jaffe, et al 1983 Annals of Internal Medicine 99:145-151

p 217. Bozzette S, et al 1990 A Controlled Trial of Early Adjunctive Treatment with Corticosteroids for PCP Pneumonia in AIDS New England journal of Medicine 323 (21):145-7; Traltner A, et al 1993 The Appearance of Kaposi’s Sarcoma During Corticosteroid Therapy Cancer 72 (5):1779-1783

p 218. Average of two random issues of Edge magazine and Frontiers Gay Biweekly magazine less classified, phone sex, theater and cinema advertisements

p 219. Merck Manual 1992 16^th edition p55, Merck Research Laboratories; Glaxo-Wellcome information sheet accompanying Zidovudine

p 220. Ascher M, et al 1993 Dots Drug Use Cause AIDS? Nature 362:103-104; Schecter M, et al 1993 HIV-1 and (he Aetiology of AIDS Lancet 341:658-659; Duesberg P 1993 Can Epidemiology Determine Whether Drugs or HIV Cause AIDS? AIDS Forshung 12:627-635

p 221. Brody, S 1997 Sex at Risk Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick; 80%; Potterat et al 1987 JAMA 256 p 12; 65%: Renzullo et al 1990 JAIDS 3, p266- 271;83%-90%: Committee on AIDS Research and the Behavioral, Social, and Statistical Sciences 1989; 69%: Chicago Dept of Public Health, Journal of AIDS 1997; 99.4%: NYC Dept of Health, American Journal of Epidemiology 137:2

p 222. Duesberg P, Rasnick D 1998 The AIDS Dilemma: Drug Diseases Based on a Passenger Virus, Genetica 104: p!09Table7

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