Industrialisation in the Developing Countries, increase in the proportion of industry in the economy, the building of new industries and enterprises, the equipping of backward agriculture and other economic sectors with modern machinery and technology. Industrialisation is a crucial issue in the transformation of backward, monocultural economies, in achieving economic independence, in reforming the social 163 structure and in creating and strengthening the proletariat. The socialist-oriented countries emphasise the development of the public sector in industrialisation (see State Sector of the Economy of the Developing Countries), within whose framework governments are striving to concentrate key enterprises. The state policy of the capitalist-oriented countries, on the other hand, is directed at creating tax, customs, credit and other economic conditions that will encourage the activity of state and national private capital, while some countries also encourage foreign monopoly capital in building industry. Several developing countries have built industrial enterprises with modern equipment and technology, especially in heavy industry. But in most developing countries, industrialisation is only making first steps, as it faces great difficulties which stem from the limited accumulation fund, narrow domestic market and low cultural development and professional training. These difficulties are also largely determined by the fact that pre-capitalist structures still exist in their economies—largely in agriculture—and also by the fact that huge sums are funnelled out of their national wealth by foreign monopoly capital through the export of profits. The imperialist powers are trying to channel the industrialisation of the developing countries to suit their own ends, by forcing them to accept the development of labour-intensive processes, and enterprises that pollute the environment. The imperialist powers also insist that the developing countries open the door to capital investment by transnationals, which would result in their greater economic dependence on imperialism. The developing countries are being effectively assisted in their industrialisation by the Soviet Union and the other socialist countries, which provide them with economic and technical help in building industrial, power, agricultural and other enterprises that promote their economic and political independence, and in training qualified national personnel.