Anarchy of Production, lack of planning and organisation and the chaotic character of the economy developing under the conditions of the spontaneous operation of economic laws. It is a feature of commodity production based on private property, when the manufacturing process is carried out by isolated private commodity producers who work for an unorganised market and have little idea as to society’s actual need for their goods and the scope of production of each commodity in the country as a whole. The anarchy of production is accompanied by competition between commodity producers. The spontaneity of the law of value and the mechanism of its operation under the conditions of unplanned production leads to a differentiation among the commodity producers, enrichment of some and ruin of others and, under certain historical conditions, to the emergence of capitalist production relations. Under the capitalist mode’ of production, anarchy combined with competition spontaneously stimulate the growth of production irrespective of the effective demand of the population. During the transition from the simple commodity economy to the capitalist economy, whose features are a largescale commodity production, a highly developed social division of labour, the growth of labour productivity, establishment of a single domestic market, and, as a result, the development of the social character of production, anarchy assumes enormous dimensions; its destructive force greatly increases, causing economic cataclysms and disruptions in the very course of social production. Demonstrating the basic contradiction of capitalism, the anarchy of production is manifested in the incomplete use and the waste of part of the productive forces, excessive expenditure of social labour, unemployment, in the growth of unproductive outlays, unbalanced development of industries and sectors of the economy, and exacerbation of sales problems. The destructive consequences of the anarchy of production are most apparent in economic crises of overproduction. There is a contradiction between highly organised production in individual capitalist enterprises and the anarchy typical of social production as a whole, when private property precludes purposeful organisation and planning. At the imperialist stage, the domination by monopolies exacerbates the contradiction between the organisation of production within individual monopolies and the anarchy of production in society as a whole, the latter being augmented by the unlimited power of finance capital. With the emergence of the world capitalist economic system, the anarchy of production has spread to the sphere of international economic relations, and its effect is getting stronger with the growing internationalisation of economic affairs, all of which makes the irregular development of the world capitalist economy inevitable. Produced by the operation of objective laws, the anarchy of production cannot be eliminated by statemonopoly regulation of economic processes, including programming. An end can be put to it only by a revolutionary transition of society to a new, planned socialist production.