p As we pointed out earlier, all matter possesses the intrinsic general property of reflection, i.e., the ability to reconstruct itself internally under external influences, to react to them accordingly. Reflection is always connected with the interaction of two (or more) bodies: the acting one and the one subjected to the action. That is why the character of reflection depends both on external influences and on the internal state of the body reacting to the influence.

p If we examine an inorganic body, a living organism and man from this point of view we find that they reflect the world differently.

p Simple, passive reflection is inherent in an inorganic body. Such a body does not differentiate between the 63 factors of the environment, does not single out the favourable ones and is jncapable of protecting itself from the unfavourable ones.

p A living organism reacts differently to external influences. It adapts itself to the environment, reacts in a different way to various external stimuli, making use of favourable factors and avoiding unnecessary, harmful ones. Here we have active, selective, but so far unconscious reflection.

p We find a qualitatively new, higher form of reflection in man who possesses the ability to consciously reflect reality. He not only adapts himself to the environment, but acts upon it, transforms it on the basis of the knowledge he has gained.

To establish the origin of consciousness amounts to tracing how, during the transition from inorganic matter to living matter and thence to thinking matter (the human brain), the non-living, passive reflection turned into active, selective reflection inherent in everything living, and how the ability to think developed from the latter.