p The bourgeois falsifiers of Marxism would very much like to have the Communists insist that war is the way of spreading socialist revolution across the world. Indeed, they claim that Marxism says that there is no revolution without war. The critics of communism set up Aunt Sallies, and then easily knock them down. Chester Bowles, for instance, has invented a “communist conception" in which Marx is supposed to argue that capitalism will be destroyed as a result of a series of imperialist wars between the capitalist countries over markets and colonies: So, capitalism is destroyed in war. Marx never said anything of the sort. But Bowles “elaborates” this conception. Without the First World War, he says, there would have been no Russian revolution. He tries to ascribe his own views to Lenin who allegedly pinned his hopes on revolution taking place in countries devastated by war. That is why the Communists, he claims, have always put their stake on war. That is his conclusion, and it runs counter to the whole sociological conception of Marxism-Leninism. The Communists take a different view of the motive forces of history, and of the reasons for which one socio-economic formation follows another.

p Other versions of the same bourgeois conception of the world revolutionary process have “expansion” in place of “war”. They claim that “coexistence” is “peaceful” acceptance by the non-communist peoples of the steady expansion of communism as an inevitable phase of historical development. That is another falsification. It is based on the same idea of a mechanical spread of communism from one center. But what is the “steady expansion of communism"? It is only a bourgeois reading of the world revolutionary process. But the new social system emerges and develops through the living creative effort of the masses and this can be expressed only where the necessary objective and subjective conditions for this exist.

The Communists do not need to export revolution, because revolutions arise where the internal conditions have matured. That is the substance of Lenin’s doctrine of revolution.