| 6 | FOREWORD |
| Part One | |
| THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF THE MIND | |
| Chapter One • MIND AND BODY | |
| 7 | Matter and Mind |
| 12 | Consciousness and the Nervous System |
| 13 | Organism and Environment |
| 16 | Activity and Consciousness. Sensations |
| 19 | Development of the Higher Mental Activity of Man |
| Chapter Two • MIND AS A PRODUCT AND REFLECTION OF MATTER | |
| 22 | Mental Processes are Processes of the Brain, Relating the Organism to its Surroundings |
| 24 | Consciousness is a Product of the Development of Matter |
| 26 | Consciousness is Reflection of the Material World |
| 26 | Material Reality is Primary and its Mental Refection is Secondary or Derivative |
| 28 | Material Reality is Reflected in Consciousness in Forms Determined by the Activity of the Brain |
| 30 | The Reflection of Material Reality in Consciousness Takes Place through the Active Relationship of the Living Organism and its Surroundings |
| 32 | The Reflection of Reality in Consciousness is an Active Factor in Directing the Practice of Changing Reality |
| 34 | Matter and its Reflection |
| Chapter Three • SOCIAL LABOUR AND SOCIAL THINKING | |
| 35 | The Human Brain and What We Do with It |
| 36 | From Perceptions to Ideas |
| 38 | Labour |
| 39 | Distinctive Features of Human Labour |
| 41 | Labour, Speech and Thought |
| 42 | Ideas |
| Chapter Four • THOUGHT, LANGUAGE AND LOGIC | |
| 45 | Language and Thought |
| 46 | Can there be Thought without Language? |
| 47 | Language Conventions and What They Express |
| 50 | Language and Logic |
| Part Two | |
| THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS | |
| Chapter Five • ABSTRACT IDEAS | |
| 55 | The Formation of Abstract Ideas |
| 60 | The Sources of Abstract Ideas |
| 62 | Division of Mental from Material Labour |
| 64 | Learning How to Think |
| Chapter Six • IDEOLOGY | |
| 66 | The Formation of Ideologies |
| 67 | The Material Basis of Ideological Development |
| 69 | The Ideological Reflection of Reality |
| 71 | The Criticism of Ideologies |
| 74 | Truth and Illusion in Ideologies |
| 77 | Scientific and Illusory Ideology |
| Chapter Seven • IDEOLOGICAL ILLUSIONS | |
| 80 | Ideological Reflection of Production Relations |
| 82 | The Spontaneous Character of Ideological Illusion |
| 84 | The Illusion of Pure Thought |
| 85 | Ideological Inversion |
| 89 | Ideology and Class Interest |
| Chapter Eight • SCIENCE | |
| 93 | The Ideas of the Production Process |
| 95 | The Rise of Natural Sciences |
| 96 | Sciences as Specialised Undertakings Distinct from Production |
| 99 | Science and Classes |
| 100 | Class Ideology in Science |
| 102 | Discovery and Preconception |
| 104 | Social Science |
| 108 | The Social Functions of Science |
| Chapter Nine • SCIENCE AND SOCIALISM | |
| 114 | Achievements of Bourgeois Science |
| 119 | Limitations of Bourgeois Science |
| 122 | Science for the People |
| 126 | The Science of Society |
| 128 | The End of the Old Ideology |
| 130 | Scientific Foundations of Communist Consciousness |
| Part Three | |
| TRUTH AMD FREEDOM | |
| Chapter Ten • TRUTH | |
| 133 | Absolute and Partial Truth |
| 137 | Truth and Error |
| 140 | The Relativity of Truth |
| 142 | Relative and Absolute Truth: Causality, Space and Time |
| 144 | The Progress of Truth |
| Chapter Eleven • THE ROOTS OF KNOWLEDGE | |
| 148 | What is Knowledge? |
| 149 | The Social Character of Knowledge |
| 151 | Social Practice and Social Knowledge |
| 152 | Theory and Practice in the Build-up of Knowledge |
| 156 | Sense-Perception, the Beginning of All Knowledge |
| 158 | The Reliability of the Senses |
| 160 | The Expansion, Incompleteness and Criticism of Knowledge |
| Chapter Twelve • THE GROWTH OF KNOWLEDGE | |
| 163 | From Ignorance to Knowledge |
| 164 | Perceptions and Judgments |
| 166 | From Superficial to More Profound Judgments |
| 169 | From Superficial to Deeper Knowledge |
| 172 | Appearance and Reality |
| 174 | Revolutionary Theory and Revolutionary Practice |
| 176 | Things in Themselves |
| 177 | Overcoming the Limits of Knowledge |
| Chapter Thirteen • NECESSITY AND FREEDOM | |
| 180 | Necessity and Accident |
| 183 | Necessity, Accident and Causality |
| 185 | Necessity and Freedom in Human Practice |
| 188 | Knowledge as the Means to Human Freedom |
| 190 | Freedom and Accident |
| 191 | The Elements of Conscious Control |
| Chapter Fourteen • THE REALISATION OF FREEDOM | |
| 195 | The Winning of Freedom |
| 196 | Freedom of the Individual and Freedom in Society |
| 197 | The Struggle for Freedom |
| 199 | From Lack of Freedom to Freedom |
| 201 | Morality |
| 208 | READING LIST |
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Notes