@LBiz: en/1993/CWSVM387: 2-Papers-20-Communist.Party.of.Nepal-UML

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Communist Party of Nepal [UML]
WHO?
TITLE?

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225 order to preserve the economic right of the common people who were exploited for centuries and are now further deprived of enjoying the fruits of development even after the restoration of so called democratic rights.

p Distinguished Comrades,

p Since the SAP and liberalization policies have become priority areas of many governments in developing countries due to obvious reasons, I would like to present Nepalese experience with the SAP and other so call liberalization and privatization programmes implemented recently in Nepal. TheSAPinNepal was stated in 1986/ 87 by the previous autocratic regime. The availble indices point out that in 1984/85 the total debt outstanding of Nepal was just 20.7 percent of GDP which went up to 53 percent in 1989/90. The inflationary pressures, rising cost of living and mounting poverty problems accentuated in Nepal when SAP was under implementation. In 1984/85 the poverty level was about 43 percent. This reached as high as 71 percent in 1989-90. Thus, when the democratic movement started in Nepal, Nepalâ€™s economy was passing through many problems and major economic activities in the field of trade, industry and tourism were controlled by a small class. There was a great expectation among the common people at a time when the multi-party system was restored in the country in 1990 successfully as a result of democratic movement launched by left parties and Nepali Congress jointly. People were confident that a process of development benefittingdirectly thecommon people will be started soon. But the irony is that after coming to the power Nepali congress government has not only followed the past policies and programmes but also with the blessing of USA and multilateral agencies, the so called privatization, liberalization and market oriented system has been pursued more vigorously. As a result, there is too much rise in prices accompanied by mounting unemployment problems and widening gap between rich and poor people. A deliberate attemptis there to create a monopoly capitalist class and make the Nepalese economy a neo-colony of external capitalist nations. The liberalization process has got momentum especially after India implemented the structural adjustment programme. However, in spite of full support and growing aid from western countries, the Nepali congress government has been a completef ailure in economic front with growing frustration among the common people. The Nepalese experience is sufficient to derive 226 the conclusion regarding the implication of west dictated policies in almost all developing countries.

p The Russian and East European experience, inherent crisis in the capitalist system coupled with growing confrontation among capitalist countries, the successes of China and too much adverse effect of structural adjustment and other market oriented liberalization and privatization programmes implemented in developing countries based on the forceful recommendation of western countries clearly indicate that there is no system which is superior to Marxism and Socialism. History tells us that capitalism is essentially devoted to the rich and a few privileged class where as Marxism is devoted to the cause of poor, exploited and oppressed people of society. Without the implementation of Marxian ideas in the nations, no well being of the majority of the people will be possible. Marxism is the only philosophy which can guarantee the abolition of capitalist exploitation, elimination of feudal production relations, eradication of poverty, bringing about drastic changes in the society and stop the exploitation of international monopoly capitalists. But we should be very much careful that the mistakes done in the past should not be repeated in the future. For Marxism, there are problems from both ultra leftist and serisionist forces who are trying to defame Marxism in one form or another. We have to understand that Marxism is a scientific theory and therefore it should not be treated as a dogma. Being a scientific theory, it has to follow a creative approach so that it could fit well in the existing socio-economic situation of a nation and fulfill the basic objectives laid down in the theory.

p Dear, Comrades,

p Our party has realized based on the past experiences of various socialist countries that a new orientation is needed while implementing Marxism in countries like Nepal and therefore the Fifth Party Congress held in Kathmandu from Jan 27 to Feb 2,1993 has made some important decisions which I believe will have wide ranging long term impact on the left movement of Nepal. Our party Congress has adopted a programme which is based on peopleâ€™s multi-party democracy. This decision is also based on our struggle of last more than 40 years in which the left forces of Nepal had fought without break against autocratic regime for establishing 227 multi-parry democracy in the country. The essence of peopleâ€™s multi-party democracy is that unlike the experiments made with one party system (although some socialist countries in the Eastern Europe claimed that they were following multi-party system, in practice they were not) in socialist countries, it permits the existence and operation of various parties and considers that a communist parry should also compete in the election and it should get mandate from people from time to time to rule the country and run the government. We believe that only a peopleâ€™s multi-party democracy based on rule of law can alert us to check the mistakes and sustain the popularity of the party among the people. I want to stress, however, that it is a peopleâ€™s multi-party system which is at practice in the world today. A distinct feature of this system is that it wants to establish a multi-party system which by rule, is antifeudalist and anti-imperialist. The main features of the party programme adopted by the congress are as follows:

p 1. Supremacy of law

p 2. Pluralistic open society

p 3. Separation of power

p 4. Protection of human rights

p 5. Multi-party Competitive System

p 6. Periodic election

p 7. Government of majority party and the constitutional opposition

p 8. Rule of law

p 9. Strengthening of peopleâ€™s democratic system

p 10. Permission to foreign capital

p 11. Compensation to those landlords who support peopleâ€™s democracy

p 12. Balanced and dignified foreign policy with highest priority on national interest

p 13. Leadership of the working class and peopleâ€™s democratic dictatorship or peopleâ€™s democratic state

p 14 Anti-feudal, anti-comprador capitalist and anti- imperialist Peopleâ€™s multi-party democracy.

p We have realized that without permitting people to express their views freely, providing an opportunity of constructive 228 criticism and promoting competitive system in the society, it will be difficult to create incentive environment to the people and avoid similar mistakes as were done in USSR and Eastern Europe. It is our firm belief that all types of opposition are not destructive. We are, however, aware of likely adverse effect of the competitive system especially on distributional pattern and therefore we have envisaged such an economic programme which ensures the development of productive forces and no polarisation and exploitation exists in the society. Our economic programmes provides a leading role to the state. At the same time, it allows private sector to play an important role in the economy particularly through expanding its activities in the areas like trade and industry.

p In spite of a new thinking taking place in various parts of the world about socialism, a long struggle with capitalism is inevitable. Being a single superpower in the world today but threatened by rivalry from other capitalist countries, American imperialism is not only trying to promote and strengthen capitalist system in Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and developing countries through whatever means, it is also equally trying to destroy the socialist system of Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam and even China. As a result of American imperialist imposing economic blockade in Cuba, Cuban people are facing too much economic hardship today. It is also creating various hurdles to the North Korea and is creating problems toward the unification of two Koreas. On the other hand, there is no international communist organization as such which can protect the socialist countries and serve the interest of communist parties of the world. Such an organization is not only a distan possibility but also past experiences suggests that even if it exists it may not be that much relevant and useful in the present world context. Therefore, international seminars, regional gatherings, formal link among parties and frequent contact among the people might be a best way to exchange views, disseminate ideas, assist each other and strengthen communist movement of the Communist Parties in Europe and Latin America have given a new impetus to the communist movement. I hope that this seminar organized by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) will also add new dimension in the history of communist movement.

Dear Comrades, Before I conclude I want to repeat based on my assessment of recent political and economic events that the setback to Marxism is a temporary phenomenon and a socialist philosophy 229 developed by examining the class nature and historical developments definitely will regain popularity in the immediate future. It is an universal theory and therefore it will remain a guiding principle of oppressed and exploited people of the world. Today, the main responsibility of a Marxist is to convey the message to the people that so long as haves and have nots exist in the society the validity of Marxism will remain in this earth.

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Notes

Communist Party of Mexico • WHO? • TITLE?

Communist Party of Philippines • Emil Villa • Member, Central Committee

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